Double Emulsion Templated Monodisperse Phospholipid.

Introduction. Egg activation refers to the early events that occur in the egg (or oocyte) that start embryo development. The most significant of these events in mammals is the resumption of meiosis, which is evident as the emission of a second polar body and then the formation of two polar bodies.

Introduction. Genomes are highly dynamic and vary considerably between, and often even within, species with respect to structure and content. This dynamics is caused by mutations that are either neutral, and may thus be transient, or mediate increased fitness and became fixed in the population by natural (Darwinian) selection.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has shown a wide application in the generation of transgenic animals, protection of endangered animals, and therapeutic cloning. However, the efficiency of SCNT remains very low due to some poorly characterized key factors. Compared with fertilized embryos, somatic donor cells lack some important components of sperm, such as sperm small noncoding RNA.

As phylogenetic relationships among members of the Opisthosporidia become better resolved, we can begin to map the evolution of nutritional mode and host-parasite interface along a lineage in which parasites' genomes become more reduced and parasites become more dependent upon host for energy production (Berbee et al., 2017, James and Berbee, 2012, James et al., 2013, Powell et al., 2017).

The emphasis in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technologies has shifted from cell therapy to in vitro disease modelling and drug screening. This review examines why this shift has occurred, and how current technological limitations might be overcome to fully realise the potential of hPSCs.

Today, the importance of autophagy in physiological processes and pathological conditions is undeniable. Initially, autophagy merely was described as an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to maintain metabolic homeostasis in times of starvation; however, in recent years it is now apparent that autophagy is a powerful regulator of many facets of cellular metabolism, that its deregulation.

The cellular defense to infection depends on accurate activation of transcription factors and expression of select innate immunity genes. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), a risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus, is activated in response to pathogen recognition receptor engagement and downstream effector molecules. We find the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing.

Spectroscopic techniques for monitoring protein interactions in living cells. Author links open overlay panel Jacob Piehler.. Bioessays, 34 (2012), pp. 369-376. E.R. Prossnitz, I. Koyama-Honda, C. Nakada, T.K. Fujiwara, A. KusumiFull characterization of gpcr monomer-dimer dynamic equilibrium by single molecule imaging.

Testosterone (T) regulates many traits related to fitness, including aggression. However, individual variation in aggressiveness does not always relate to circulating T, suggesting that behavioural variation may be more closely related to neural sensitivity to steroids, though this issue remains unresolved.

The BRCA1 protein, one of the major players responsible for DNA damage response has recently been linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using primary fibroblasts and neurons reprogrammed from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived from familial.

Application of magnetic forces in tissue engineering started from series of pioneer studies of Honda and Ito. They coined this approach as a magnetic force-driven tissue engineering. Initially, magnets and associated magnetic fields have been used for the rapid seeding of cells, labelled by magnetic nanoparticles on the conventional scaffolds.

The MYC family of proteins is a group of basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper transcription factors that feature prominently in cancer. Overexpression of MYC is observed in the vast majority of human malignancies and promotes an extraordinary set of changes that impact cell proliferation, growth, metabolism, DNA replication, cell cycle progression, cell adhesion, differentiation, and.